Diagnostic absorption spectroscopy across the Visible, Near-Infrared, and Shortwave Infrared (VNIR–SWIR: 0.4–2.5 µm) regimes enables rapid, non-destructive chemical and mineralogical characterization of lithological units. In this investigation, airborne imaging spectrometer data from AVIRIS-NG were integrated with laboratory-based spectroradiometric measurements to map and discriminate limestone sub-types within the metasedimentary sequences of the Kalinjara Formation, Aravalli Supergroup. By quantifying diagnostic absorption band Continue Reading »

Dust storms originating in arid or semi-arid regions play a critical role in modulating regional climate, surface reaching solar radiation, atmospheric chemistry, and marine ecosystems through long-range transboundary transport. When mineral dust trails traverse continental landmasses and oceanic basins, they alter atmospheric radiative balances, degrade air quality and deposit essential nutrients onto open ocean, driving bio-geochemical feedback loops. Understanding these Continue Reading »

NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar), a dual-frequency L- and S-band mission developed jointly by NASA and ISRO, entered operation on 30 July 2025 with a 12-day repeat cycle and all-weather, day-night imaging capability. This removes two long-standing constraints on Himalayan glacier monitoring in particular dependence on solar illumination and vulnerability to cloud cover. This assessment compares NISAR Geocoded offsets (GOFF) Continue Reading »

Celebrating one year since its launch, the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) mission leverages dual-frequency (L-band and S-band) polarimetric SAR to map Earth's land and ice masses every 12 days. This study interprets an aeolian (wind-formed) landscape in and around the Jaisalmer district, Rajasthan, using NISAR L-band SAR imagery acquired on June 30, 2026 (HH, HV, and an RGB composite Continue Reading »

Sal forests cover 11 million hectares in the Indian subcontinent. They are important for the environment and the economy because they support biodiversity and provide a range ecological services including livelihoods of indigenous people. These forests face a major threat from an insect called the Sal Heartwood Borer, or "Hoplo". When these beetles multiply quickly, they kill thousands of trees. Continue Reading »