Authors: Dr.  Suresh Kumar and Dr. R. P Singh, IIRS Urbanization is reshaping the earth planet, with nearly 70 percent of the global population expected to live in cities by 2050. India’s urban population was 36.36% in 2023 and expected to reach 50% by 2050. As cities continue to grow, they face increasing environmental challenges such as solid waste, industrial Continue Reading »

Authors- Shuchita Srivastava, Yogesh Kant and D. Mitra The Hayli Gubbi volcano in Ethiopia experienced its first confirmed eruption in approximately 12,000 years on 23 November 2025 at 14:00 IST, producing an ash column that reached an estimated altitude of 10–15 kilometers. The resulting plume was transported by upper-tropospheric winds toward India and China. Traveling at speeds of 100–120 km/h Continue Reading »

Authors: Hina Pande, Poonam Seth Tiwari, Shefali Agrawal India’s cultural heritage is among the oldest and most diverse in the world. It includes both tangible and intangible assets passed down through generations. Built heritage forms a vital part of this legacy. Unfortunately, many monuments in India and across the globe have suffered significant damage from natural and human-induced factors. Conventional Continue Reading »

Authors- Manu Mehta and Raghavendra Pratap Singh An exoplanet, short for extrasolar planet, is a planet that orbits a star outside our solar system. These planets follow the same physical laws - orbiting stars and varying widely in size and composition. When you look up at the night sky and see countless stars, it's amazing to think that many of Continue Reading »

Authors- Sanjeev Kumar Singh, Yogesh Kant and D. Mitra Cyclone Shakhti, the first cyclonic storm of 2025 over the Arabian Sea, formed from a low-pressure area in early October after the monsoon season. It intensified into a Severe Cyclonic Storm by October 4, reaching peak wind speeds of approximately 110-120 km/h and a central pressure of around 990 hPa (India Continue Reading »