Fog is a cloud of tiny water droplets that forms at ground level and is thick enough to limit horizontal visibility to less than 1 kilometre. The presence of heavy and extended periods of fog in the Indo-Gangetic Plains is one of the major weather hazards, impacting road transportation, aviation, the economy and public life in general. So, it is Continue Reading »

Sonakshi Mehrotra and Anil Kumar The Kumbh Mela 2025 in Prayagraj, a grand spiritual and cultural congregation, presents unique challenges and opportunities for effective monitoring and management. With millions of pilgrims expected, temporal remote sensing technology offers a dynamic approach to track spatial and temporal changes, including land-use transformations, crowd density patterns, and infrastructure development. High-resolution satellite imagery like DOVE Continue Reading »

Dr. Manu Mehta and Mr. Akhilesh Kumar This recent study at Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS), ISRO, presents the first known comprehensive global validation of Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) measurements derived from the Sentinel 2 Sen2Cor algorithm, covering a significant period of 5 years from 2018 to 2022 utilizing an extensive dataset from over 400 AERONET stations (each year) Continue Reading »

Madhavan S, Hina Pande and Poonam Seth Tiwari Historic cities stand as symbols of the past, mirroring the lifestyle and culture of their inhabitants and forming the core of local identities. These cities are critical markers of urban change, illustrating continuous progress and evolution across various civilizations. For a historical city, study of its background and evolution of urban settlements Continue Reading »

Mamta Chauhan, Saswati Panda, Ankita Gaur, R.P. Singh and R. S. Chatterjee Raman spectroscopy is an analytical technique to identify mineral, rocks and detect associated organic compounds. This technique is based on the phenomenon of raman effect which causes frequency difference between the incident and the fraction of scattered light. It is inelastic scattering of light by matter in which Continue Reading »