For many years, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been seen as complex and highly technical. Even simple tasks like identifying flood‑prone areas or finding suitable land for development require expert knowledge and advanced software skills. Because of this, decision‑making often depended on a small group of GIS specialists. The delay was not because the analysis was difficult, but because the Continue Reading »

*Synthesized image for representation purpose only. Vegetation photosynthetic activity, the fundamental process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy by fixing atmospheric carbon dioxide, is critical for the global carbon cycle, ecosystem productivity, and climate regulation. It varies greatly depending on the type of ecosystem (e.g., forest, grassland, cropland), plant species, and environmental conditions. Traditional vegetation indices (like Continue Reading »

The Science in Sci-Fi The realm of Sci-Fi transgresses to real science in Andy Weir’s book and its film adaptation “Project hail Mary”. This article explores the various concepts introduced in the movie from an educational perspective. The story begins with the protagonist waking up in a spaceship with no recollection of anything whatsoever. As he tries to make sense Continue Reading »

The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in education and training is expanding rapidly due to advancements in high-speed internet and the widespread use of smart devices. E-learning, which integrates electronic media with ICT, has revolutionized how students and educators engage with content. It can take place in two primary modes: synchronous, where real-time interaction occurs through live lectures, Continue Reading »

Authors: Dr.  Suresh Kumar and Dr. R. P Singh, IIRS Urbanization is reshaping the earth planet, with nearly 70 percent of the global population expected to live in cities by 2050. India’s urban population was 36.36% in 2023 and expected to reach 50% by 2050. As cities continue to grow, they face increasing environmental challenges such as solid waste, industrial Continue Reading »