The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in education and training is expanding rapidly due to advancements in high-speed internet and the widespread use of smart devices. E-learning, which integrates electronic media with ICT, has revolutionized how students and educators engage with content. It can take place in two primary modes: synchronous, where real-time interaction occurs through live lectures, Continue Reading »

Authors: Hina Pande, Poonam Seth Tiwari, Shefali Agrawal India’s cultural heritage is among the oldest and most diverse in the world. It includes both tangible and intangible assets passed down through generations. Built heritage forms a vital part of this legacy. Unfortunately, many monuments in India and across the globe have suffered significant damage from natural and human-induced factors. Conventional Continue Reading »

Authors: Dr.  Suresh Kumar and Dr. R. P Singh, IIRS Urbanization is reshaping the earth planet, with nearly 70 percent of the global population expected to live in cities by 2050. India’s urban population was 36.36% in 2023 and expected to reach 50% by 2050. As cities continue to grow, they face increasing environmental challenges such as solid waste, industrial Continue Reading »

Long-term observational datasets are essential for understanding the magnitude and frequency of past extreme events over extended timescales. In mountain regions where instrumental records are limited, tree rings provide a valuable natural archive of environmental and geomorphic changes. Tree rings are formed by the vascular cambium, a thin layer of dividing cells between the wood (xylem) and bark (phloem). At Continue Reading »

Natural dust emission from an arid or semi-arid region occurs when near-surface wind speed exceeds a threshold wind speed which can further be modulated by several factors such as surface roughness, soil texture, soil moisture, vegetation cover etc. Many major dust sources are located in the subtropical dry belt primarily due to the subtropical high pressure system attributed to the Continue Reading »