The Ramganga Dam Reservoir and Tehri Dam Reservoir are two important water storage systems in Uttarakhand that support hydropower generation, irrigation, flood control, and drinking water supply. Monitoring these reservoirs using SWOT (Surface Water and Ocean Topography) satellite data helps in understanding their hydrological behaviour, seasonal storage variability, and response to climatic conditions. The reservoirs were selected because they represent Continue Reading »

The NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) mission is a pioneering path breaking satellite mission developed as a collaboration between ISRO and NASA for developing crucial understanding of the earth and its dynamism. A collaborative scientific mission of ISRO and NASA, NISAR has two active microwave sensors in two bands viz. L-band and S-band, also known as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). Continue Reading »

Shifting cultivation, a traditional agricultural practice, has long influenced forest cover dynamics across Southeast Asia. This cyclical process of vegetation clearance, burning, and regrowth carries substantial environmental and socio-economic consequences. In India, shifting cultivation—locally known as jhum—is prevalent in the northeastern states, including Tripura. Over time, socio-economic changes and policy interventions have altered traditional jhum cycles, influencing land use patterns. Continue Reading »

Gravitational waves are tiny ripples in spacetime produced when massive objects accelerate, especially during some of the most energetic events in the universe. But what does it truly mean for spacetime itself to “ripple”? How can something so abstract produce measurable physical effects? The concept originates from Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity (1916), which describes gravity not as a Continue Reading »

Authors- Shuchita Srivastava, Yogesh Kant and D. Mitra The Hayli Gubbi volcano in Ethiopia experienced its first confirmed eruption in approximately 12,000 years on 23 November 2025 at 14:00 IST, producing an ash column that reached an estimated altitude of 10–15 kilometers. The resulting plume was transported by upper-tropospheric winds toward India and China. Traveling at speeds of 100–120 km/h Continue Reading »