Ashish Joshi, Suresh Kannaujiya, Shefali Agarwal, R. S. Chatterjee and R. P. Singh Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is the flow of groundwater from land to sea that occurs in the sub-surface. Groundwater seeps from the surface through aquifers and when the water level in the aquifer is higher than sea level, the water flows into the ocean. SGD can occur Continue Reading »

Since the beginning of the industrial era, the anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration has been steadily increasing in the atmosphere caused by deforestation, fossil fuel, biomass burning, cement manufacturing, various land-use practices, and other anthropogenic activities. The ocean absorbs one-third of the total anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere and plays an important role in the mitigation of global warming and Continue Reading »

Remote sensing has become an indispensable tool for various applications, including environmental monitoring, urban planning, and disaster management, and many more. With the increasing availability of high-resolution satellite and aerial imagery, there is a pressing need for advanced image analysis techniques. Traditionally, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have dominated the field of computer vision; however, vision transformers (ViTs) have emerged as Continue Reading »

In India, the active areas with Landslides in the Himalayan region and the ongoing process of development in this area can be impeded by the associated risks and hazards posed by these events. The Garhwal Himalaya region, in particular, has a history of landslides, some of which are well-known and triggered by co-seismic events. While rainfall and earthquakes are commonly Continue Reading »

In optical sensors, the features can be seen in the raw data with some radiometric and geometric distortions but SAR raw data are unfocused images where no feature can be seen in the image. Unlike optical sensors, signal processing algorithms are required to focus the SAR raw data. The processing of SAR raw data is always a challenge because it Continue Reading »